How does DNA determine an organism’s characteristics? A process called translation decodes RNA created during transcription, and uses it to create proteins that perform specific cellular functions.

The answer lies in differential gene expression – the combination of genes that are turned on (expressed) or turned off (repressed) in particular cells – this is what makes each cell unique. Gene ...

DNA translation is the term used to describe the process of protein synthesis by ribosomes in the cytoplasm or endoplasmic reticulum. The genetic information in DNA is used as a basis to create ...