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When you buy through links on our articles, Future and its syndication partners may earn a commission. A conceptual illustration of electrons spinning up and down. Scientists have described a ‘half ...

Phases of matter are the basic states that matter can take—like water that can occur in a liquid or ice phase. Traditionally, these phases are defined under equilibrium conditions, where the system is ...

Two scientists at the U.S. Department of Energy's (DOE) Brookhaven National Laboratory have discovered a new phase of matter while studying a model system of a magnetic material. The phase is a ...

Alfredo has a PhD in Astrophysics and a Master's in Quantum Fields and Fundamental Forces from Imperial College London. Alfredo has a PhD in Astrophysics and a Master's in Quantum Fields and ...