Exosomes, naturally derived vesicles responsible for intercellular communication, are emerging as next-generation drug delivery systems capable of transporting therapeutics to specific cells. However, ...

The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is the portion of the cell responsible for manufacturing and folding proteins. Proteins are essential for a wide range of cellular functions—as enzymes, transporters, ...

Extracellular vesicles are membrane-bound particles released by cells that serve as crucial mediators of intercellular ...