Hot forging processes remain a cornerstone of modern manufacturing, yet they present significant challenges due to the elevated temperatures and complex geometries involved. Recent advances in ...

Metal forging is a process of forming and shaping metal by compressive force. It is commenced at room temperature or at an elevated temperature, known as cold forging or hot forging respectively.

The art of forging dates to at least 4000BC and probably earlier. Metals such as bronze and wrought iron were forged by early man to produce hand toots and weapons of war. Forging of wrought iron and ...