Researchers have investigated different sensory neural pathways involved in thermoregulation by injecting toxins into parts of the brain involved in 'feeling' and responding to temperature changes in ...

Efforts to improve the production of a compound of interest in Saccharomyces cerevisiae have mainly involved engineering or overexpression of cytoplasmic enzymes. We show that targeting metabolic ...

Studies of gene–environment (G×E) interactions can be useful for investigating biological pathways, and can reveal genes that act only in particular environments or exposures that are hazardous only ...

There are "costs of life" that mechanical physics cannot calculate. A clear example is the energy required to keep specific ...