Description: The application of equilibria and mass and energy balances for the design of staged separation processes. Use of various equilibrium data and thermodynamic principles for the design of ...

Historically, pharmaceutical products have been produced in a traditional ‘batch’ system, in which every operation is executed separately using a defined quantity of materials. In batch manufacturing ...

The authors discuss the advantages of microreactors and flow chemistry for various reaction types in achieving improved process economics and reaction efficiency. This article is part of PharmTech's ...

The world's largest sandalwood processor is now home to the first continuous steam distillery for the essential oil after retiring a method "basically the same" as one used for thousands of years. The ...